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Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by intense mood swings, including manic highs and depressive lows, which can disrupt sleep, energy, behavior, and decision-making.

Symptoms start between age 15 to 25 years. Usually with an episode of depression. Only in USA exists 8 million of people affected with this disorder.

There are several types of bipolar disorder:
1. Bipolar I Disorder involves severe manic episodes lasting at least 7 days or  requiring hospitalization. Depressive episodes typically occur as well, lasting at least 2 weeks.
2. Bipolar II Disorder involves depressive episodes and milder hypomanic episodes, but not full-blown manic episodes.
3. Cyclothymic Disorder (Cyclothymia) involves periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressive symptoms lasting for at least 2 years.

Genetics and family history can influence the development of bipolar disorder, with a higher risk if a close relative has the condition.

Diagnosis involves a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation, including symptom review, medical and family history, physical exam, and lab tests to rule out other causes.
Most common symptoms associated with an episode are, impulsivity (buying things, they know what is right and what is wrong but cannot be controlled), risk taking behavior like increased sexual activity many times casual contacts, substance abuse, anxiety, irritable mood, restlessness, grandiosity, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, impaired judgment,

Treatment, Most people with Bipolar Disorder need a lifelong treatment. Treatment reduces relapses, and improves functionality and quality of life. Often combines medication (like mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants) with psychotherapy (such as cognitive behavioral therapy) to manage symptoms. Many times, those patients stop, their medications (crasso error), patients fall deeper into their manias or depression, many of them are incarcerated because they can’t control their impulsiveness or they became homeless (living on the streets looking for drugs or sex)  With proper management, the life expectancy of individuals with bipolar disorder is similar to that of the general population, but untreated bipolar disorder can lead to significant impairment and increased suicide risk. Regular monitoring and appropriate treatment are crucial for managing the condition and improving quality of life.

Raul Ayala MD
@MyDoctorOnCall.com